Abstract
In order to mitigate environmental and ecological impacts resulting from groundwater overexploitation, we developed a multiple-iterated dual control model consisting of four modules for groundwater exploitation and water level. First, a water resources allocation model integrating calculation module of groundwater allowable withdrawal was built to predict future groundwater recharge and discharge. Then, the results were input into groundwater numerical model to simulate water levels. Groundwater exploitation was continuously optimized using the critical groundwater level as the feedback, and a groundwater multiple-iterated technique was applied to the feedback process. The proposed model was successfully applied to a typical region in Shenyang in northeast China. Results showed the groundwater numerical model was verified in simulating water levels, with a mean absolute error of 0.44 m, an average relative error of 1.33%, and a root-mean-square error of 0.46 m. The groundwater exploitation reduced from 290.33 million m3 to 116.76 million m3 and the average water level recovered from 34.27 m to 34.72 m in planning year. Finally, we proposed the strategies for water resources management in which the water levels should be controlled within the critical groundwater level. The developed model provides a promising approach for water resources allocation and sustainable groundwater management, especially for those regions with overexploited groundwater.
Highlights
Groundwater is being overexploited in many regions of the world due to increasing demand for water resources brought about by rapid economic development and population growth [1,2].It causes a variety of problems such as drawdown of groundwater levels, drying up of aquifers [3], increase in the groundwater cones of depression [4], and land subsidence [5]
This study focuses mainly on the dual control for groundwater exploitation and water level and the interactions of the four modules, so the procedures for development of water resources allocation model can be referred to Zhou [43]
Groundwater resources are abundant in the study area
Summary
Groundwater is being overexploited in many regions of the world due to increasing demand for water resources brought about by rapid economic development and population growth [1,2]. It causes a variety of problems such as drawdown of groundwater levels, drying up of aquifers [3], increase in the groundwater cones of depression [4], and land subsidence [5]. In China, the State Council stipulated the implementation of controlled groundwater exploitation in those groundwater overexploited regions [9]. Mehl and Hill [10] proposed a new method of local grid refinement for two-dimensional block-centered finite-difference meshes in the context of steady-state groundwater flow modeling
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