Abstract
Limited driving range and availability of charging infrastructures are still among the main barriers of adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in the market. Combination of those limiting factors causes ‘range anxiety’ in EV users. While different EV battery technologies and charging infrastructures are under development, one short-term solution to reduce EV users’ range anxiety is to provide the EV user with an accurate range estimation. In this study, an EV range estimation technique is proposed that recognises the current driving pattern and then classifies it into one of the predefined clusters (driving modes). The future energy consumption per kilometre is then tuned according to the average energy consumption of each cluster. Having an updated energy consumption rate, the EV range is calculated based on the battery state-of-charge. Different features are considered for driving pattern clustering where ‘average speed’ and ‘average power’ were identified as the best choices for this application. The effectiveness of the proposed EV range estimator is validated using real driving data that gives an average error of 9% in EV energy consumption estimation ahead.
Highlights
Electric vehicle (EV) technologies are growing quickly mainly because of their zero local emissions
Using the clustering method based on both features, there is only one cluster change during that test, which is detected by the algorithm and the remaining driving range (RDR) estimation is adjusted
This study was aimed at creating a multi-mode EV range estimator based on driving pattern recognition
Summary
Electric vehicle (EV) technologies are growing quickly mainly because of their zero local emissions (i.e. direct tailpipe emissions). Limited driving range, long charging time and in some areas, limited number of charging infrastructures are still the main barriers to the adoption of EVs in the market.[1,2] The combination of those limiting factors cause a phenomenon called ‘range anxiety’,3–5 which refers to the driver’s fear of running out of energy before arriving the destination. Range anxiety could be alleviated by increasing the battery pack’s capacity, increasing the allowable charging power, and building more charging stations, those solutions are quite expensive and do not directly improve the driver’s confidence on the remaining driving range (RDR). While different EV battery technologies and charging infrastructures are under development, a short-term solution to alleviate
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