Abstract
Energy resource limitation is a severe problem in traditional wireless sensor networks (WSNs) because it restricts the lifetime of network. Recently, the emergence of energy harvesting techniques has brought with them the expectation to overcome this problem. In particular, it is possible for a sensor node with energy harvesting abilities to work perpetually in an Energy Neutral state. In this paper, a Multi-hop Energy Neutral Clustering (MENC) algorithm is proposed to construct the optimal multi-hop clustering architecture in energy harvesting WSNs, with the goal of achieving perpetual network operation. All cluster heads (CHs) in the network act as routers to transmit data to base station (BS) cooperatively by a multi-hop communication method. In addition, by analyzing the energy consumption of intra- and inter-cluster data transmission, we give the energy neutrality constraints. Under these constraints, every sensor node can work in an energy neutral state, which in turn provides perpetual network operation. Furthermore, the minimum network data transmission cycle is mathematically derived using convex optimization techniques while the network information gathering is maximal. Simulation results show that our protocol can achieve perpetual network operation, so that the consistent data delivery is guaranteed. In addition, substantial improvements on the performance of network throughput are also achieved as compared to the famous traditional clustering protocol LEACH and recent energy harvesting aware clustering protocols.
Highlights
A typical wireless sensor network (WSN) [1] consists of large numbers of low-power and cheap sensor nodes with limited sensing, processing and communication abilities
Each EH-Sensor can estimate the distance to the transmitter according to the received signal strength indicator (RSSI), if the transmitting power is known in advance; Each EH-Sensor can adjust its communication power level according to the distance to the expected destination; If an EH-Sensor serves as a cluster heads (CHs), it compresses each member node’s data with a fixed compression ratio a
We present a Multi-hop Energy Neutral Clustering (MENC) algorithm to construct the optimal multi-hop clustering architecture in EH-WSNs, for the purpose of achieving perpetual network operation and maximizing network information gathering
Summary
A typical wireless sensor network (WSN) [1] consists of large numbers of low-power and cheap sensor nodes with limited sensing, processing and communication abilities. MENC clusters the network with goal of providing perpetual network operation by controlling the network data transmission rate and selecting the qualified CHs based on the available energy of sensor nodes. We construct an easy-to-deploy network architecture in which the sensor field is divided into several ring-based units, and CHs in different units compose a multi-hop routing backbone Based on this network architecture, we analyze the energy consumption of sensor nodes for intraand inter-cluster data transmission and give the energy neutrality constraints. By balancing the average energy consumption of nodes in different units, we conclude a constraint formula of the number of clusters between neighbor units Under this constraint, we can avoid packet loss problem which is caused by the limited data forwarding ability of the CHs in the unit closer to BS.
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