Abstract
The electrification of heating is expected to grow in the UK domestic sector, and this has increased interest in the effects that this may have on low and high voltage network operation. However, Electrified heating profiles that alter with control decisions can only be obtained from dedicated building modelling that energy system modellers do not usually have the expertise to perform, yet these are required for meaningful studies. This work outlines a novel method for modelling air source and ground source heat pump power demand profiles using a multi-zone physics based building modelling framework with building fabric, thermohydraulic, and air flow subsystems. The novel setup framework allows detailed building layout, fabric and control properties to be assigned by analysts with no prior building modelling expertise. Once fully assigned, the building model can be used to generate heat pump power demand profiles at sub minute resolution. Upon testing, a single daily run of the model could be executed in 17 s. The model was then validated against real life test house data, under various control and weather conditions. A small relative error (typically within 10%) was observed between modelled and actual cycle lengths, and modelled and actual heat and electricity demands. Due to its rapid solution rate, the model is of significant value to energy efficiency and distribution network studies, where large demand profile sets that are sensitive to detailed retrofit and control considerations are often essential. The model has been made openly available.
Highlights
The IPCC 1.5 ◦C report notes that adverse impacts on human and natural systems are already being observed as a result of global warm ing, and emphasises the need to adapt behaviours in order prevent a global temperature rise of 2 ◦C above pre-industrial levels [1]
The Electrified Water and Space-heating Profiler (EWASP) model of a test house with known ASHP and GSHP cycling response was constructed
An important factor to consider during validation is whether the model is capable of producing cycles with similar properties to those observed empirically. We evaluate this by comparing the cycle lengths (on time during any cycle (Lon) and total cycle period length in minutes (Ltotal)), electrical energy per hour (Ee), and heat energy per hour (Eth) of the modelled case and the test house case
Summary
The IPCC 1.5 ◦C report notes that adverse impacts on human and natural systems are already being observed as a result of global warm ing, and emphasises the need to adapt behaviours in order prevent a global temperature rise of 2 ◦C above pre-industrial levels [1]. Decar bonisation pathways often outline the importance of decarbonisation of electrical power systems, in part because this would allow low carbon electrification of heating. It is important to consider the operational and behavioural changes that may arise from building heating loads being transferred onto electrical grids. How ever, unless adequately managed, the resulting peak electrical demand increase is expected to heavily impact the operation of distribution and transmission networks [4]. This has led the research community to Nomenclature
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