Abstract
There is an ever-growing demand for sustainable development (SD) plans, in order to foster a country’s economic growth by implementing suitable policies and initiative programs for the development of the primary, the secondary and the tertiary sectors. We present a multi-criteria modeling approach using the linear programming problem (LPP) framework for a simultaneous optimization of these three sectors. Furthermore, we develop a fuzzy goal programming (FGP) model that provides an optimal allocation of resources by achieving future goals on the gross domestic product (GDP), the electricity consumption (EC) and the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Furthermore, a weighted model of FGP is presented to obtain varying solutions according to the priorities set by the decision-maker for achieving future goals of GDP growth, EC and GHG emissions. The presented models provide useful insight for decision-makers when implementing strategies across different sectors. As a model country, we chose India by the year 2030. A study of economic policies and sustainable development goals (SDGs) for India is finally carried out.
Highlights
Today, sustainable development (SD) is everybody’s concern, for developing as well as for developed countries
We develop a fuzzy goal programming (FGP) model that provides an optimal allocation of resources by achieving future goals on the gross domestic product (GDP), the electricity consumption (EC) and the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
A sustainable development for India by using fuzzy goal programming can be attainable with some optimal employment in different sectors respectively for achieving the set goals by the year 2030
Summary
Sustainable development (SD) is everybody’s concern, for developing as well as for developed countries. Jayaraman et al [7,8,9,10,11] developed FGP models and weighted FGP models that integrate different sectors of the UAE and provide a view of how much resources should be allocated to different sectors simultaneously to achieve SDGs on GDP growth, electricity consumption and GHG emissions in the UAE. Jayaraman et al [14] developed a stochastic goal programming model with a satisfaction function that integrates optimal resource (labor) allocation to simultaneously satisfy conflicting criteria related to economic development, energy consumption, workforce allocation and greenhouse gas emissions for the United Arab Emirates. Oliveira [17] discussed how the lack of concrete intergenerational principles affects (shortand long-term) success in SDGs. In this paper, we develop a fuzzy goal programming model to analyze the sustainable development goals of India by considering the future goals: GDP growth, energy consumption and GHG emissions
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