Abstract
In this paper, an optimal energy management scheme for building microgrids with rooftop greenhouse is proposed. A building energy management system (BEMS) is utilized for the optimal fulfilment of energy demands in the building and the greenhouse. The exhaust heat generated due to the operation of air conditioners in the building is used for fulfilling the cooling demands of the greenhouse via chillers. In addition to thermal and cooling demands, the four major control parameters (temperature, humidity, light intensity, and CO2 concentration) are also considered for optimal growth of crops in the greenhouse. A multi-agent system (MAS) is adopted to realize the interaction among several households of the building, the greenhouse, and the BEMS. The MAS comprises of several inner-level, intermediate level, and upper-level agents, which are responsible for their respective tasks. The performance of the proposed optimization strategy is evaluated for two seasons of a year, i.e., summer and winter. Numerical simulations have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed operation scheme for optimal operation of building microgrids with rooftop greenhouses.
Highlights
The increase in energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions are becoming global issues, and various studies have been conducted to overcome these problems [1,2]
The household agents (HAs) in each household is an active agent that uses the information of its inner-level agents to make decisions and communicates with the building energy management system (BEMS) agents
In order to minimize the operation cost, this paper has proposed an optimal operation method order to minimizewith the operation cost, this paper has proposed an optimal operation method for forIn building a microgrid rooftop greenhouses
Summary
The increase in energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions are becoming global issues, and various studies have been conducted to overcome these problems [1,2]. In [43,44], MASs are developed for the optimal operation of buildings considering the indoor environment and occupants’ comfort It can be observed from the literature survey that various studies are available on the internal environment control of greenhouses and rooftop greenhouses. Most of the research is mainly focused on internal climate control only without considering the energy costs [27,28,29,30] This may result in a higher operation cost due to the in-optimal utilization of resources. Studies on the integrated optimal operation of building and rooftop greenhouses are limited. The performance of the proposed optimal operation strategy for building microgrid with rooftop greenhouse is tested for two seasons of a year, i.e., winter and summer. The operation schedules of the microgrid equipment and attainment of the control parameters are analyzed for both of the seasons
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