Abstract
An optimal operation scheme for a building microgrid with a rooftop greenhouse in islanded mode is proposed in this paper. In islanded mode, the fulfillment of entire demand is challenging due to the absence of connection with the utility grid and the scarcity of local resources. The situation becomes more challenging when one or more pieces of equipment fail during the islanded mode. Therefore, in addition to islanded mode operation, component outage and recovery are also considered in this paper. In order to use the available energy efficiently, prioritization of building loads and control parameters of the greenhouse are proposed. A priority weight matrix is adopted to decide the supply of energy to fulfill the requirements of control parameters in the case of insufficient energy. In addition to the normal operation bounds, new bounds are defined to operate the control parameters if the resources are not sufficient. Additional penalties are imposed if the new bounds are chosen, due to violation of the normal operation range. The microgrid system is rescheduled if any component outage or recovery is detected from the outage point to the end of the scheduling horizon. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated by carrying out several simulations including component outage, component recovery, and simultaneous outage of two or more types of equipment. Numerical simulation results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed operation scheme for optimal operation of building microgrids with a rooftop greenhouse in islanded mode.
Highlights
Building energy management systems (BEMS) are gaining popularity due to their ability to maximize profit for building owners
The requirement of CO2 is subjected to the availability of other control parameters, i.e., if humidity, light, and temperature are within the acceptable bounds, CO2 concentration can contribute to growth of the plant
Heat energy generated by CHP (HtCHP ), heat only boiler greenhouse (HOB) (HtHOB ), and taken from thermal energy storage system (TESS) (HtT− ) should be equal or greater than greenhouse heat load (HtLoad ), amount of heat used by greenhouse chiller (Htchl ), building chiller (Htchl_B ), and stored in TESS (HtT+ ) at interval t, as shown in Equation (16)
Summary
Building energy management systems (BEMS) are gaining popularity due to their ability to maximize profit for building owners. The environmental factors of the greenhouse such as temperature, CO2 concentration, light intensity, and humidity are important factors for plant growth [10] These control parameters are coupled with each other and require significant amounts of energy to maintain within acceptable bounds. In reference [19], only control of indoor temperature of building and rooftop greenhouse using heat and cooling energy is considered. In this study, the islanded operation of building microgrid with rooftop greenhouse is studied considering optimal control environments, component outage, and component recovery. Optimal operation of building microgrid with rooftop greenhouse in the islanded mode is considered. The outage and recovery of different components in the system during islanded mode are considered Both the building and greenhouse have electrical, thermal, and cooling energy loads. Simultaneous outage of equipment is analyzed to validate the performance of the proposed operation scheme under extreme cases of equipment outage
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