Abstract
A monolithic solid phase microextraction (M-SPME) fiber based on mixed matrix membrane (MMM) is described for the microextraction of phenol, 2-chlorophenol (2CP), 4-nitrophenol (4NP) and 4-methylphenol (4MP) from refinery wastewaters. The sorbent consists of polyethersulfone (PES) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), and the phenols were quantified by HPLC with UV detection. This fiber offers good capacity, stability, and ease of preparation and use. The fiber composition, pH value, extraction time, desorption solvent and desorption time were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the detection limits for the phenolic compounds were in the lower μg L-1 range, and responses were linear in the range from 2 to 2500μgL-1. Fiber-to-fiber and single-fiber repeatabilities were between 5.2 and 10.4%, and between 4.9 and 8.9%, respectively. The method was applied to the determination of phenolic compounds in wastewater samples and gave recoveries between 72 and 108%. Graphical abstract Schematic epresentation of a monolithic polyethersulfone/graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposite: a novel application of mixed matrix membrane as a solid-phase microextraction fiber.
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