A modern view of the processes of mechanotransduction in healthy and damaged skin: review

Abstract

Questions concerning the study of mechanotransduction in the skin are currently of interest to many researchers, especially those engaged in the study of the problem of high-quality surgical treatment of soft tissue wounds. The possibility of developing new ways of treating various pathologies of the integumentary tissues, including wound defects, depends on understanding the processes of transmission and transformation of mechanical stimuli coming to skin cells into chains of biochemical reactions. The review presents the main historical stages of the development of scientific knowledge about mechanotransduction, describes the features of mechanotransduction in integumentary tissues, currently known mediators and signaling pathways that realize the transmission of mechanical influences from the cell surface to its nucleus, and also suggests possible directions for using this phenomenon in practice. The work also noted changes occurring at the cellular level during the recoding of mechanical signals in wounds prone to slowing down natural healing processes chronic wounds. We believe that one of the promising trends in the practical application of mechanotransduction is the possibility of using its effects when stretching the skin during the treatment of wound defects of soft tissues.