A modelling approach to the management of distributed energy resources system

Abstract

A distributed energy resource (DER) system contributes to an improved operation of an electrical power system for better economy and technical efficiency. In several applications, renewable energy sources are becoming more acceptable for powering nodes. Solar energy is an essential energy source, particularly for outdoor wireless sensor systems. This is due to the regularity and dependability of solar energy systems. In recent times, Photovoltaic cells (PV) are considered expensive alternatives to typical demand-limited lithium batteries, to provide a limitless energy source. This study has modelled and simulated a DER-enabled power distribution network with the use of Simulink in MATLAB and Simscape Electrical for switching operations. The switching operation selected a distributed-based approach, as influenced by the factors of availability and efficiency in enhancing the steady and uninterrupted supply of electric power to the load. The simulated results were achieved by subjecting the island and main utility grids to disturbances at specified time intervals in seconds (10, 35 seconds) and an additional 300 kW load was added to the variable load at the specified time intervals in seconds (40, 20 seconds, etc. respectively). The results and interaction between the island and utility grids, which yielded frequency disturbance, distributed resources, and the microgrid responses to the changes made, were analyzed and discussed. The study has provided a modelled solution for a reliable DER system to provide an almost uninterrupted power supply to the load.