Abstract

A model, referred to as the Cloudy Sky Geometry (CSG) model, is proposed for the description of the geometric characteristics of cloudy skies. Clouds are modelled as upright vertical cylinders of variable diameter and height, and the distribution of clouds in the sky is modelled as cylinders randomly spaced, but having an average separation distance in any azimuthal direction. Mathematical expressions are derived for the time fraction during which a given point in the sky is either clear or cloudy (including information on what portion of the cloud is visible), and the relationship is developed between cloud amount and average cloud separation distance. A calibration of the model for cumulus clouds is discussed. Although applicable to many disciplines, it is anticipated that the proposed model will be of most importance to solar energy engineering. The authors have integrated the present model into the Three Discrete Radiance Components (TDRC) model, proposed by the authors for the prediction of the instantaneous and time-averaged distribution of diffuse sky radiance.

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