Abstract
The issue of malnutrition is perhaps the most important public health determinant of global wellbeing. It is one of the main causes of improper mental and physical development as well as death of many children. The Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) rapid text setup is able to diagnose malnutrition due to the fact that the human arm contains subcutaneous fat and muscle mass. When proportional food intake increases or reduces, the corresponding increase or reduction in the subcutaneous fat and muscle mass leads to an increase or decrease in the MUAC. In this study, the researchers attempt to develop a model for determining the performance of MUAC in predicting Child malnutrition in Ghana. It focuses on the Joint Generalized Linear Model (Joint-GLM) instead of the traditional Generalized Linear Model (GLM). The analysis is based on primary data measured on children under six years, who were undergoing nutritional treatment at the Princess Marie Louise (PML) Children’s Hospital in the Ashiedu Keteke sub-metro area of Accra Metropolis. The study found that a precisely measured weight of a child, height, and albumen levels were positive determinants of the predicted MUAC value. The study also reveals that, of all the variables used in determining the MUAC outcome, the hemoglobin and total protein levels of a child would be the main causes of any variation between the exact nutritional status of a child and that suggested by the MUAC value. The final Joint-GLM suggests that, if there are occasions where the MUAC gave false results, it could be a result of an imbalance in the child’s hemoglobin and protein levels. If these two are within acceptable levels in a child, the MUAC is most likely to be consistent in predicting the child’s nutritional status accurately. This study therefore recommends the continued use of MUAC in diagnosis of child malnutrition but urges Ghana and countries in Sub-Saharan Africa to roll out an effective nutrition intervention plan targeting the poor and vulnerable suburbs so that the nutritional status of children under five years of age, who were the focus of the current study, may be improved.
Highlights
Malnutrition remains an important public health issue all over the world
In diagnosis of child malnutrition but urges Ghana and countries in Sub-Saharan Africa to roll out an effective nutrition intervention plan targeting the poor and vulnerable suburbs so that the nutritional status of children under five years of age, who were the focus of the current study, may be improved
The objective of this study is to develop a model for determining the performance of Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) in predicting Child malnutrition in Ghana using variables, such the child’s age, gender, height, weight, albumen level, total protein, as well as their interaction terms
Summary
Malnutrition remains an important public health issue all over the world. It is seen by many stakeholders to be the main cause of improper mental and physical development of children. Studies have shown that whereas about a quarter of the children less than five years of age are stunted worldwide, about 9% of the children in Sub-Saharan Africa have moderate acute malnutrition with about 2% of them having severe acute malnutrition [1], and nearly a 100% of all such children who die live in developing countries [2]. In Africa, mortality is associated with the severity of malnutrition with severe wasting having a mortality rate of 73–187 per every 1000 children in a year [3]. Ghana’s case is not so different from the worldwide and African situation. In Ghana, malnutrition is said to contribute to about half of all deaths of children less than five years with some 12,000 of them dying every year of underweight related ailments [4]
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