Abstract
As one of the important facilities for marine exploration, as well as environment monitoring, access control, and security, underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) are widely used in related military and civil fields, since the sensor node localization is the basis of UWSNs’ application in various related fields. Therefore, the research of localization algorithms based on UWSNs has gradually become one of the research hotspots today. However, unlike terrestrial wireless sensor networks (WSNs), many terrestrial monitoring and localization technologies cannot be directly applied to the underwater environment. Moreover, due to the complexity and particularity of the underwater environment, the localization of underwater sensor nodes still faces challenges, such as the localization ratio of sensor nodes, time synchronization, localization accuracy, and the mobility of nodes. In this paper, we propose a mobility-assisted localization scheme with time synchronization-free feature (MALS-TSF) for three-dimensional (3D) large-scale UWSNs. In addition, the underwater drift of the sensor node is considered in this scheme. The localization scheme can be divided into two phases. In Phase I, anchor nodes are distributed in the monitoring area, reducing the monitoring cost. Then, we address a time-synchronization-free localization scheme, to obtain the coordinates of the unknown sensor nodes. In Phase II, we use the method of two-way TOA to locate the remaining ordinary sensor nodes. The simulation results show that MALS-TSF can achieve a relatively high localization ratio without time synchronization.
Highlights
As an indispensable component of the earth, water covers over 70% of the planet’s surface [1].Due to the development technology of terrestrial resources being relatively mature, in recent years, humans have gradually turned to more abundant marine resources
In the7,first layer,most to enable sensor nodes in the monitoring area to receive to the analysis to make sensormost nodes receive enough localization information from messages from anchor nodes at least once, anchor nodes are deployed at the center of each uniform anchor nodes and weaken the collinear problem of anchor nodes, in the second layer, three anchor nodes arethe placed in each region to form an equilateral triangle
This paper proposes a mobility-assisted localization scheme with time synchronization-free feature
Summary
As an indispensable component of the earth, water covers over 70% of the planet’s surface [1]. Sensor node,accuracy, time synchronization, andthe so mobility on It isnode, necessary to propose innovative or it is necessary to propose optimized localization algorithms forinnovative. To achieve high high sensor-node-localization accuracy, in in addition, most choose range-based underwater localization schemes. In propagation delay and the speed of sound variation, time synchronization is difficult to achieve general, the idea of TDOA-based underwater localization algorithm is to simultaneously transmit underwater. The idea of TDOA-based underwater localization algorithm is to acoustic and electromagnetic signals by electromagnetic using anchor nodes. Its sensor node andthis the type anchor node This type localization algorithm does not require time multipath effect is relatively. Electromagnetic signals cannot be transmitted over long distances underwater, this method in is this not paper, wefor consider and implement measurement of sensor nodes, suitable large-scale.
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