Abstract
The millimeter-wave imaging approach is a promising candidate to satisfy the unmet needs of real-time biomedical imaging, such as resolution, focal area, and cost. As a part of the endeavor to make millimeter-wave imaging more feasible, this paper presents a CMOS oscillator generating a high output power at the millimeter-wave frequency range, with a high fundamental oscillation frequency. The proposed oscillator adopts a frequency-selective negative resistance topology to improve the negative transconductance and to increase the fundamental frequency of oscillation. The proposed oscillator was implemented in a 65 nm bulk CMOS process. The measured highest output power is –2.2 dBm at 190 GHz while dissipating 100 mW from a 2.8 V supply voltage.
Highlights
Real-time biomedical imaging is a crucial component of biomedical systems pursuing both a real-time diagnosis with the timely evaluation of the interested functional or pathophysiological conditions and a real-time treatment with the closed-loop optimization of the intervention [1,2]. high-resolution computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide the highest penetration depth over 10 cm with decent sub-mm resolution, they can be hardly used in real-time applications unless the resolution is significantly sacrificed, because of the time-consuming scanning and image processing [3,4]
The millimeter-wave frequency range, which is defined as a range from 30 to 300 GHz, has recently gained a lot of attention from researchers due to its massive potential to be used for real-time high-resolution biomedical imaging, radar imaging, and spectroscopy [8,9,10,11]
This paper proposes a novel mm-wave frequency CMOS oscillator with a high output power and a high oscillation frequency by stacking a frequency-selective negative resistance (FSNR) circuit on the top of the XCO with CLRC which is presented in [25]
Summary
Real-time biomedical imaging is a crucial component of biomedical systems pursuing both a real-time diagnosis with the timely evaluation of the interested functional or pathophysiological conditions and a real-time treatment with the closed-loop optimization of the intervention [1,2]. CMOS technology has difficulties in implementing signal source at mm-wave frequency range, because of the limited output power with ~300 GHz maximum oscillation frequency (fmax ) where unilateral power gain becomes unity [18,19,20]. In [25], another approach, a fundamental frequency cross-coupled oscillator (XCO) with a capacitive-load-reduction-circuit (CLRC) technique, was presented to address the limitations of the CMOS technology. This paper proposes a novel mm-wave frequency CMOS oscillator with a high output power and a high oscillation frequency by stacking a frequency-selective negative resistance (FSNR) circuit on the top of the XCO with CLRC which is presented in [25].
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
