Abstract
In this technological era, there exists a growing need for pre-programmed interactive systems that ease day to day activities. Systems that utilise microprocessor-based operations to control other systems are based on coded instructions depicting their actual operation, and can be interfaced to actual systems using both software and hardware techniques. A microprocessor controlled system that can be used in counting the number of biological species in a given environment is presented herein. It uses an 8-bit microprocessor 6502 unit, a pair of infra-red emitters and detectors that can be placed at the entrance, a decade up or down counter as well as a shift register. The optical sensing mechanism detects the entry or exit of the biological species with its output signal amplified and used as an input to an asynchronous sequential combinational digital logic that generates control signals for the up and down counter. The parallel shift register then buffers the maximum count into the microprocessor via the input ports, and with the help of an assembly language code the count is stored into memory and onto the display.
Highlights
No actual biological species were used in this work, bats were chosen for their echolocating properties and their behaviour was emulated in the design using a finite state machine [1,2,3]
Bats constitute one of the largest and widely distributed groups of mammals with a variety of living species spread in different parts of the world
When a counter based on the 74LS168 integrated circuit package is enabled using signals sent to the control pins Count Enable Parallel (CEP’) and Up-Down Count Input (U/D’), it is able to count from the original nibble to another using positive triggering of the clock
Summary
No actual biological species were used in this work, bats were chosen for their echolocating properties and their behaviour was emulated in the design using a finite state machine [1,2,3]. This work was based on mainly emulating the behaviour of bats in an enclosed environment with a single outlet such as a cave using digital combinational logic, by counting those enter or leave using a microprocessor interfaced to the circuit, which information can be used to monitor their population and in studying the behaviour of bats. The small signal output of the infra-red detection system is amplified and digitalised to generate control signals for a finite state machine [22] and a clock for the counter and buffer stages of the system. The output of these stages is fed into a microprocessor unit.
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