A micro-bioimpedance meter for monitoring insulin bioavailability in personalized diabetes therapy

Pasquale Arpaia,Umberto Cesaro,Maurizio Taglialatela,Nicola Moccaldi,Mirco Frosolone

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-70376-5

Pasquale Arpaia, Umberto Cesaro + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-70376-5

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Abstract

An on-chip transducer, for monitoring noninvasively the insulin bio-availability in real time after administration in clinical diabetology, is proposed. The bioavailability is assessed as insulin decrease in situ after administration by means of local impedance measurement. Inter-and-intra individual reproducibility is enhanced by a personalized model, specific for the subject, identified and validated during each insulin administration. Such a real-time noninvasive bioavailability measurement allows to increase the accuracy of insulin bolus administration, by attenuating drawbacks of glycemic swings significantly. In the first part of this paper, the concept, the architecture, and the operation of the transducer, as well as details about its prototype, are illustrated. Then, the metrological characterization and validation are reported in laboratory, in vitro on eggplants, ex vivo on pig abdominal non-perfused muscle, and in vivo on a human subject, using injection as a reference subcutaneous delivery of insulin. Results of significant intra-individual reproducibility in vitro and ex vivo point out noteworthy scenarios for assessing insulin bioavailability in clinical diabetology.

Highlights

An on-chip transducer, for monitoring noninvasively the insulin bio-availability in real time after administration in clinical diabetology, is proposed
For people living with diabetes (PWD), a full control of blood glucose level is a challenge of wide clinical, social, and economic importance[1]
The personalized model points out the performance of the proposed insulin meter with a personalized model identified in every condition of use

Summary

Introduction

An on-chip transducer, for monitoring noninvasively the insulin bio-availability in real time after administration in clinical diabetology, is proposed. Inter-and-intra individual reproducibility is enhanced by a personalized model, specific for the subject, identified and validated during each insulin administration. Such a real-time noninvasive bioavailability measurement allows to increase the accuracy of insulin bolus administration, by attenuating drawbacks of glycemic swings significantly. Even the most recent automated systems cannot react to the quick variations of glucose due to food ingestion Both for commercially available and do-it-yourself artificial pancreas systems meal-time boluses need to be manually delivered by the user—this is why the systems are still called “hybrid-closed loop systems”[3,4]. Bolus, because the carbohydrate content is not estimated correctly (significant problem in diabetes, especially when eating out in restaurants)

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