Abstract
<p style="text-align:justify">The Arduino microcontroller enables ordinary people to perform professional tasks that only traditional engineering professionals could perform. Recently, several educational cases have been applied to primary and secondary schools, which is a desirable attempt to popularize engineering education. This study meta-analyzed the effects of Arduino-based education in primary and secondary schools in Korea from the perspective of engineering education. Accordingly, 16 academic journals and dissertations were selected that verified educational effects by Arduino-based education to primary and secondary students in Korea, and 31 effect sizes were confirmed. According to the results of this study, the overall average effect size was 0.656, which confirmed that Arduino-based education had a positive educational effect. Furthermore, this study calculated the effect size as measured by categorical and continuous variables such as school level, the inclusion of curriculum, giftedness, publication status, the programming language used, publication year, number of sessions, and number of students. Implications were suggested from the perspective of engineering education. This study is meaningful because it suggests the application of Arduino to primary and secondary schools in engineering education by confirming the positive educational effect of Arduino-based education.</p>
Highlights
With the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, various methods are being proposed to satisfy human operational needs
This study is meaningful because it suggests the application of Arduino to primary and secondary schools in engineering education by confirming the positive educational effect of Arduino-based education
The maker movement has provided everyone the opportunity to use professional-grade tools that were previously difficult for the general public to use, and open-source sharing has opened a democratic era of technology that allows anyone to explore or modify complex algorithms or systems (Halverson & Sheridan, 2014)
Summary
With the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, various methods are being proposed to satisfy human operational needs. With the creation of an environment where various digital-based manufacturing tools are universally accessible, an era has emerged where creative output can be readily obtained. These changes are referred to as the “maker movement,” where a “maker” is a person who makes something by hand, and “maker movement” is the phenomenon in which people make what they need—with passion—using new technology and digital equipment (Dougherty, 2012). Arduino is one of the major hardware platforms that made this activity possible. Arduino was developed by Massimobench of Italy in 2005 and has been widely used in maker activities worldwide because Arduino is characterized as open-source hardware. Numerous boards based on Arduino were produced and sold, making it easy to purchase them
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