Abstract

The thirteenth and fourteenth centuries are outstanding chapters even in such an eventful history as that of Persia. The former witnessed the Mongol invasion and occupation; the latter ended amidst the campaigns to Timur. Although the Mongol onslaught caused much destruction, the unexpected literary outburst of the period remains a monument to the indestructible spirit of man. It is ironic that an age of terror and devastation should bring in its wake an unprecedented flowering of culture, as though the phoenix rises renewed from the ashes. For this very period produced the three greatest Persian poets, namely, Rūmī, Sa‘dī and Ḥāfiṣ, and the age in which they lived is by common consent regarded as the Golden Age of Persian poetry. In prose too, although to a lesser extent, fine work was produced, most notably of course, Sa‘dī's Gulistān.

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