Abstract
Industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs) are a key technology for smart manufacturing. To identify the performance bottlenecks in an IWSN before its real-world deployment, the IWSN must first be evaluated through simulations using an error model which accurately characterizes the wireless links in the industrial scenario within which it will be deployed. However, the traditional error models used in most IWSN simulators are not derived from the real traces observed in industrial environments. Accordingly, this study first measured the transmission quality of IEEE 802.15.4 in a one-day experiment in a manufacturing factory and then used the measurement records to construct a second-order Markov frame-level error model for simulating the performance of an IWSN. The proposed model was incorporated into the simulator of OpenWSN, which is an industrial WSN implementing the related IEEE and IETF standards. The simulation results showed that the proposed error model improved the accuracy of the estimated transmission reliability by up to 12% compared to the original error model. Moreover, the estimation accuracy improved with increasing burst losses.
Highlights
Industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs) play a key role in smart manufacturing by enabling a wide range of monitoring, control and optimization processes
The simulation results show that the proposed model improves the estimation accuracy of the transmission reliability by up to 12% compared to that achieved using the original independent error model in OpenWSN
It is noted that this approach is consistent with the general design of IWSN applications that repeatedly report the readings from a sensor
Summary
Industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs) play a key role in smart manufacturing by enabling a wide range of monitoring, control and optimization processes. 100.11a [2], developed by the International Society of Automation (ISA) In both standards, the data transmissions in the physical layer are performed using IEEE 802.15.4-2006 [3], while media access is achieved using Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), and routing at the network layer is conducted using Graph Routing. The simple Bernoulli error model limits the ability of the OpenWSN simulator to accurately evaluate the transmission performance of an IWSN. To address this problem, the present study derives a frame error model which more accurately represents the wireless conditions in a real-world factory environment by measuring the transmissions in a machine-intensive factory over a period of almost 24 h and using the measurement records to construct a frame-level second-order Markov model as an error model.
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