A magnetized Maxwell nanofluid flow over a stratified stretching surface with Cattaneo-Christov double diffusion theory

Abstract

During the last few decades, researchers have been increasingly interested in non-Newtonian fluid flows due to their practical applications. There is an increasing interest in non-Newtonian fluids due to the wide variety of applications in many disciplines, including biological sciences, geophysics, the chemical industry, and petroleum engineering. Plastics, polymers, pulps, food, fuels, and molten plastics are among the fluids that exhibit non-Newtonian properties. The three-dimensional MHD Maxwell fluid flow comprising gyrotactic microorganisms over a stretching surface is analytically examined in the present analysis. The influence of the magnetic field is applied normal to the direction of the fluid flow. Additionally, the significance of chemical reaction, thermal radiation, heat source, and activation energy are also considered. The Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass flux model has been employed to illustrate the energy and mass transmission in viscoelastic flow caused by the stretching sheet. The modeled equations are reformed into a dimensionless system of differential equations through similarity variables which are further semi-analytically solved through the homotopy analysis method. The nature of velocity, concentration, energy, and motile microorganisms’ profiles are graphically presented against the variation of distinct physical constraints. It has been noticed that the velocity of Maxwell fluid declines by the rising influence of Rayleigh number, mixed convection, relaxation factor, magnetic field, and buoyancy ratio constant. The consequence of fluid relaxation term drops the energy profile, while the consequences of velocity ratio factor and magnetic field augment the temperature field. Furthermore, the Nusselt number advances with the rising trend of thermal radiation and heat source, while reducing with the impact of the thermal stratification factor.