A Low-Profile Dual-Polarized Patch Antenna With Stable Radiation Pattern Using Ground-Slot Groups and Metallic Ground Wall

Abstract

A low-profile dual-polarized patch antenna with stable radiation pattern for use in base stations operating from 1.7 to 2.7 GHz is presented. The antenna consists of a square patch radiator placed at 20 mm ( $0.14\lambda _{0}$ at the center frequency of 2.2 GHz) above a square ground plane. For bandwidth enhancement, the square patch radiator is dual fed using four probes, each having a U-shape. Two wideband 180° baluns are designed using composite right/left handed transmission lines to generate two signals with same amplitude, but phase shift of 180° for the probes. The radiation pattern is stabilized using four slot groups on the ground plane and a metallic ground wall around the radiating patch. The antenna is studied and designed using computer simulation. Results show that the simulated half-power beamwidths have variations of only 4° and 5° in the elevation (EL) and azimuth (AZ) planes, respectively, across the operating band. Measured results show that the antenna has the impedance bandwidths of 1.68–2.83 GHz and 1.7–2.85 GHz for the two input ports, isolation of more than 38 dB, and cross-polarization of less than −20 dB at the boresight in both the EL and AZ planes. The measured boresight gains are 7.8 ± 0.6 dBi for both two ports, and the radiation efficiencies are 74%–84% and 73%–82% for ports 1 and 2, respectively.