A low-cost attempt to improve electrochemical performances of pitch-based hard carbon anodes in lithium-ion batteries by oxidative stabilization

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The electrochemical performance of low-cost, pitch-based hard carbon anodes in lithium-ion batteries is reported. Pitch-based hard carbon anodes were prepared, stabilized in air at 290 °C for 1 h after different temperature programming, and then carbonized in N2 at 1000 °C. The optimal anode with temperature programming of 24 h had abundant oxygenic functional groups, a large interlayer space, and a stable morphology. When used as anodes in lithium-ion batteries after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1, the capacity was 258.6 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention ratio of 90.6 %. This large capacity combined with the superior cycling performance indicates that prolonged oxidative stabilization is an effective strategy in improving electrochemical performances of lithium-ion batteries.