Abstract
The Binary Edwards Curves (BEC) are becoming more and more important, as compared to other forms of elliptic curves, thanks to their faster operations and resistance against side channel attacks. This work provides a low-complexity architecture for point multiplication computations using BEC over GF(2233). There are three major contributions in this article. The first contribution is the reduction of instruction-level complexity for unified point addition and point doubling laws by eliminating multiple operations in a single instruction format. The second contribution is the optimization of hardware resources by minimizing the number of required storage elements. Finally, the third contribution is to reduce the number of required clock cycles by incorporating a 32-bit finite field digit-parallel multiplier in the datapath. As a result, the achieved throughput over area ratio over GF(2233) on Virtex-4, Virtex-5, Virtex-6 and Virtex-7 Xilinx FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) devices are 2.29, 19.49, 21.5 and 20.82, respectively. Furthermore, on the Virtex-7 device, the required computation time for one point multiplication operation is 18 µs, while the power consumption is 266 mW. This reveals that the proposed architecture is best suited for those applications where the optimization of both area and throughput parameters are required at the same time.
Highlights
The internet-of-things (IoT) concerns a global network, where billions of heterogeneous devices are required to connect with an unsecured internet [1]
This reveals that the proposed architecture is best suited for those applications where the optimization of both area and throughput parameters are required at the same time
The throughput over power values are not analyzed in this work as most of the low-complexity architectures lack power related information
Summary
The internet-of-things (IoT) concerns a global network, where billions of heterogeneous devices are required to connect with an unsecured internet [1]. The connected devices share information (or) data with each other. Since most of the devices in an IoT framework have constrained resources, data are usually stored in the cloud [2]. The users can continuously upload and download data from anywhere using the internet [3]. Due to this enormous communication of IoT devices through a cloud, they are subject to malicious attacks [4]. The importance of data security and the availability of limited resources provoke us to explore recent low-complexity cryptographic schemes [6]
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