Abstract

No One Knows Just When Number theory, the study of numbers (integers) and their properties, evolved, but “the origins of the study of number properties go back probably almost as far as counting and the arithmetic operations” (Ore 1988, p. 25). Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855), one of the greatest of all mathematicians, stated that “mathematics is the queen of the sciences, but number theory is the queen of mathematics” (Long 1965, p. 1).

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