Abstract
BackgroundA detailed community-level understanding of socioeconomic status (SES) and sociocultural status (SCS) of suicides and suicide attempters (SAs) in a prospective design could have significant implications for policymakers at the local prevention and treatment levels. The effect of SCS and SES on SAs is poorly understood and investigated in Iran. The present study aimed to investigate the incidence, trend, and role of SES and SCS on suicide and SAs.MethodsA longitudinal study was conducted based on the registry for SAs in Malekan County, Iran, from 2015 to 2018. Demographic characteristics, SES, SCS, incidence rates, and predictors of suicidal behaviors were measured via structured instruments. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsA total of 853 SAs (32 suicides and 821 attempts) were identified during the study. Trend analysis revealed that the suicide rate significantly decreased from 2014 (10.28) to 2018 (1.75) per 100,000. In the final multiple variable models, age (26–40), male sex, unemployment, antisocial activities, history of SA, hanging method, and season (spring) increased the suicide risk while religious commitment had protective effects on suicide.ConclusionsOur findings indicated that demographic characteristics, low SES, and SCS are associated with suicide. In this county, trend of suicide and SA were decreased from 2014 to 2018. This study findings highlight the need to consider a wide range of contextual variables, socio-demographic, SES, and SCS in suicide prevention strategies. Improving inter-sectoral collaborations and policymakers’ attitudes are imperative for SA reduction.
Highlights
A detailed community-level understanding of socioeconomic status (SES) and sociocultural status (SCS) of suicides and suicide attempters (SAs) in a prospective design could have significant implications for policymakers at the local prevention and treatment levels
The 26–40 age group had the highest frequency of suicide and SAs, and a significant association was found between age groups and suicide (P = 0.001)
The results showed that having faith and religious commitment was a protective factor in suicide prevention in this study (AOR = 0.30, 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 0.17–0.53; P = 0.001)
Summary
A detailed community-level understanding of socioeconomic status (SES) and sociocultural status (SCS) of suicides and suicide attempters (SAs) in a prospective design could have significant implications for policymakers at the local prevention and treatment levels. The present study aimed to investigate the incidence, trend, and role of SES and SCS on suicide and SAs. Suicide has been defined as death caused by self-directed injurious behavior with any intent to die due to this behavior. The age-adjusted suicide rate is 10.5 per 100,000 persons In both sexes of young people aged 15–29, suicide is the second leading cause of death after road traffic accidents. The majority of suicides occur in low- and middle-income countries. These numbers are the tip of the iceberg and are under-reported due to the lack of a registry for suicide, effective suicide surveillance, and cultural and social stigma [3, 4]
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