A longitudinal evaluation of the anterior border of the dentition

Abstract

Posttreatment changes of orthodontically treated dentitions are inherent to every orthodontic practice. Various studies have documented the ideal posttreatment dental and cephalometric norms that could pertain to stable long-term occlusal results. Clinically, changes in these parameters are often observed as mandibular incisor crowding. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal changes in certain variables representing the anterior border of the dentition. Eighty-eight white subjects were assessed regarding stability of the dentition after edgewise orthodontic treatment. (44% nonextraction, 56% extraction) The following variables in proximity of the anterior limit of the dentition (overbite, overjet, mandibular arch length, upper and lower incisor position, Little irregularity index) were assessed and correlated with each other. The data were subjected to descriptive statistics, the Friedman test for significant changes and pairwise comparisons, and the Spearman correlation test. Mandibular intercanine width was not significantly altered during treatment, but although not significantly, p > 0.05 did decrease beyond the original measurement during posttreatment evaluation (mean 7 years after treatment). The other variables influenced by the orthodontic manipulation were all within normal ranges and remained stable. The arch length decreased significantly (p < 0.05) during the entire evaluation period and was the only variable not stable. It was concluded that: (1) sound treatment leads to attainment of ideal occlusal parameters, (2) mandibular intercanine expansion could lead to failure of results, (3) arch length change plays a major role in causing irregularity of mandibular incisors after treatment, and (4) patient education regarding posttreatment orthodontic changes is imperative.