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Abstract

Evaluation of orthodontic mini-implant anchorage in extraction therapy in adolescentsJudah S. Garfinkle, Larry L. Cunningham Jr, Cynthia S. Beeman, G. Thomas Kluemper, E. Preston Hicks, and Mi-Ok KimThis article is one of the earliest prospective, controlled clinical trials to evaluate the use of mini-implants or temporary anchorage devices (TADs) for orthodontic anchorage in adolescent patients. I am certain that many questions came to mind as this study was being planned. Will younger patients tolerate TADs? What can one expect regarding stability when there is a need for a sustained orthodontic force of 150 to 250 g to close an extraction space? And finally, what range of tooth movement per month can be expected in these patients?Although the sample size was small, it was sufficient to explain the patients' overall perception of the mini-implants when used as anchorage. These patients found them to be widely acceptable, effective, and well tolerated. It was determined that force should be immediately applied to the newly placed mini-implants to take advantage of any potentially protective benefits of the initial stability. The mini-implants were effective in allowing tooth movement during closure of the extraction spaces in the range of 0.75 to 1.0 mm per month. These results were all the more interesting because it is generally believed that adolescents' bones are softer than adults' bones, and yet the mini-implants were stable enough to do the job.Association of the canine guidance angle to maxillary and mandibular intercanine widths and anterior alignment relapse: Extraction vs nonextraction treatmentWolfgang Heiser, Martin Richter, Andreas Niederwanger, Nikolaus Neunteufel, and Siegfried KulmerThe purpose of this longitudinal study was to investigate changes in the intercanine width and the irregularity index during the postretention period in patients treated with and without extractions. Associations between the maxillary canine guidance angle, the mandibular intercanine width, and the irregularity index were also examined more than 6 years after treatment in 2 samples of 30 patients.In the long run, maxillary intercanine width remained greater than at pretreatment. However, mandibular intercanine width became less than it was before treatment. There was no significant change in the maxillary canine guidance angle in the posttreatment changes, but there was a high association between the irregularity index posttreatment and the canine guidance angle. In their concluding remarks, the authors believed that greater attention should be paid to coordinating bracket torque with the canine guidance angle of the maxillary arch before comprehensive treatment.Treatment of a patient with Class II malocclusion, impacted maxillary canine with a dilacerated root, and peg-shaped lateral incisorsEve Tausch and Winfried HarzerThis case report describes the orthodontic treatment of an adolescent girl with an Angle Class II malocclusion, peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors, and a unilateral palatally impacted maxillary right canine. In addition, the root of the maxillary canine was severely dilacerated. Could the canine be moved into alignment after surgical exposure? The treatment plan involved extraction of both maxillary lateral incisors, uncovering and erupting the impacted canine, and canine substitution for the maxillary lateral incisors. This combination of problems along with the treatment plan created a unique situation. Long-term periodontal and occlusal studies on congenitally missing lateral incisors have shown that space closure with premolar substitution for canines can lead to an acceptable functional relationship. There were no signs or symptoms of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. There was also no evidence to support the contention that establishing a Class I canine relationship should be the preferred mode of treatment. Evaluation of orthodontic mini-implant anchorage in extraction therapy in adolescentsJudah S. Garfinkle, Larry L. Cunningham Jr, Cynthia S. Beeman, G. Thomas Kluemper, E. Preston Hicks, and Mi-Ok KimThis article is one of the earliest prospective, controlled clinical trials to evaluate the use of mini-implants or temporary anchorage devices (TADs) for orthodontic anchorage in adolescent patients. I am certain that many questions came to mind as this study was being planned. Will younger patients tolerate TADs? What can one expect regarding stability when there is a need for a sustained orthodontic force of 150 to 250 g to close an extraction space? And finally, what range of tooth movement per month can be expected in these patients?Although the sample size was small, it was sufficient to explain the patients' overall perception of the mini-implants when used as anchorage. These patients found them to be widely acceptable, effective, and well tolerated. It was determined that force should be immediately applied to the newly placed mini-implants to take advantage of any potentially protective benefits of the initial stability. The mini-implants were effective in allowing tooth movement during closure of the extraction spaces in the range of 0.75 to 1.0 mm per month. These results were all the more interesting because it is generally believed that adolescents' bones are softer than adults' bones, and yet the mini-implants were stable enough to do the job. Judah S. Garfinkle, Larry L. Cunningham Jr, Cynthia S. Beeman, G. Thomas Kluemper, E. Preston Hicks, and Mi-Ok KimThis article is one of the earliest prospective, controlled clinical trials to evaluate the use of mini-implants or temporary anchorage devices (TADs) for orthodontic anchorage in adolescent patients. I am certain that many questions came to mind as this study was being planned. Will younger patients tolerate TADs? What can one expect regarding stability when there is a need for a sustained orthodontic force of 150 to 250 g to close an extraction space? And finally, what range of tooth movement per month can be expected in these patients?Although the sample size was small, it was sufficient to explain the patients' overall perception of the mini-implants when used as anchorage. These patients found them to be widely acceptable, effective, and well tolerated. It was determined that force should be immediately applied to the newly placed mini-implants to take advantage of any potentially protective benefits of the initial stability. The mini-implants were effective in allowing tooth movement during closure of the extraction spaces in the range of 0.75 to 1.0 mm per month. These results were all the more interesting because it is generally believed that adolescents' bones are softer than adults' bones, and yet the mini-implants were stable enough to do the job. This article is one of the earliest prospective, controlled clinical trials to evaluate the use of mini-implants or temporary anchorage devices (TADs) for orthodontic anchorage in adolescent patients. I am certain that many questions came to mind as this study was being planned. Will younger patients tolerate TADs? What can one expect regarding stability when there is a need for a sustained orthodontic force of 150 to 250 g to close an extraction space? And finally, what range of tooth movement per month can be expected in these patients? Although the sample size was small, it was sufficient to explain the patients' overall perception of the mini-implants when used as anchorage. These patients found them to be widely acceptable, effective, and well tolerated. It was determined that force should be immediately applied to the newly placed mini-implants to take advantage of any potentially protective benefits of the initial stability. The mini-implants were effective in allowing tooth movement during closure of the extraction spaces in the range of 0.75 to 1.0 mm per month. These results were all the more interesting because it is generally believed that adolescents' bones are softer than adults' bones, and yet the mini-implants were stable enough to do the job. Association of the canine guidance angle to maxillary and mandibular intercanine widths and anterior alignment relapse: Extraction vs nonextraction treatmentWolfgang Heiser, Martin Richter, Andreas Niederwanger, Nikolaus Neunteufel, and Siegfried KulmerThe purpose of this longitudinal study was to investigate changes in the intercanine width and the irregularity index during the postretention period in patients treated with and without extractions. Associations between the maxillary canine guidance angle, the mandibular intercanine width, and the irregularity index were also examined more than 6 years after treatment in 2 samples of 30 patients.In the long run, maxillary intercanine width remained greater than at pretreatment. However, mandibular intercanine width became less than it was before treatment. There was no significant change in the maxillary canine guidance angle in the posttreatment changes, but there was a high association between the irregularity index posttreatment and the canine guidance angle. In their concluding remarks, the authors believed that greater attention should be paid to coordinating bracket torque with the canine guidance angle of the maxillary arch before comprehensive treatment. Wolfgang Heiser, Martin Richter, Andreas Niederwanger, Nikolaus Neunteufel, and Siegfried KulmerThe purpose of this longitudinal study was to investigate changes in the intercanine width and the irregularity index during the postretention period in patients treated with and without extractions. Associations between the maxillary canine guidance angle, the mandibular intercanine width, and the irregularity index were also examined more than 6 years after treatment in 2 samples of 30 patients.In the long run, maxillary intercanine width remained greater than at pretreatment. However, mandibular intercanine width became less than it was before treatment. There was no significant change in the maxillary canine guidance angle in the posttreatment changes, but there was a high association between the irregularity index posttreatment and the canine guidance angle. In their concluding remarks, the authors believed that greater attention should be paid to coordinating bracket torque with the canine guidance angle of the maxillary arch before comprehensive treatment. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to investigate changes in the intercanine width and the irregularity index during the postretention period in patients treated with and without extractions. Associations between the maxillary canine guidance angle, the mandibular intercanine width, and the irregularity index were also examined more than 6 years after treatment in 2 samples of 30 patients. In the long run, maxillary intercanine width remained greater than at pretreatment. However, mandibular intercanine width became less than it was before treatment. There was no significant change in the maxillary canine guidance angle in the posttreatment changes, but there was a high association between the irregularity index posttreatment and the canine guidance angle. In their concluding remarks, the authors believed that greater attention should be paid to coordinating bracket torque with the canine guidance angle of the maxillary arch before comprehensive treatment. Treatment of a patient with Class II malocclusion, impacted maxillary canine with a dilacerated root, and peg-shaped lateral incisorsEve Tausch and Winfried HarzerThis case report describes the orthodontic treatment of an adolescent girl with an Angle Class II malocclusion, peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors, and a unilateral palatally impacted maxillary right canine. In addition, the root of the maxillary canine was severely dilacerated. Could the canine be moved into alignment after surgical exposure? The treatment plan involved extraction of both maxillary lateral incisors, uncovering and erupting the impacted canine, and canine substitution for the maxillary lateral incisors. This combination of problems along with the treatment plan created a unique situation. Long-term periodontal and occlusal studies on congenitally missing lateral incisors have shown that space closure with premolar substitution for canines can lead to an acceptable functional relationship. There were no signs or symptoms of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. There was also no evidence to support the contention that establishing a Class I canine relationship should be the preferred mode of treatment. Eve Tausch and Winfried HarzerThis case report describes the orthodontic treatment of an adolescent girl with an Angle Class II malocclusion, peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors, and a unilateral palatally impacted maxillary right canine. In addition, the root of the maxillary canine was severely dilacerated. Could the canine be moved into alignment after surgical exposure? The treatment plan involved extraction of both maxillary lateral incisors, uncovering and erupting the impacted canine, and canine substitution for the maxillary lateral incisors. This combination of problems along with the treatment plan created a unique situation. Long-term periodontal and occlusal studies on congenitally missing lateral incisors have shown that space closure with premolar substitution for canines can lead to an acceptable functional relationship. There were no signs or symptoms of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. There was also no evidence to support the contention that establishing a Class I canine relationship should be the preferred mode of treatment. This case report describes the orthodontic treatment of an adolescent girl with an Angle Class II malocclusion, peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors, and a unilateral palatally impacted maxillary right canine. In addition, the root of the maxillary canine was severely dilacerated. Could the canine be moved into alignment after surgical exposure? The treatment plan involved extraction of both maxillary lateral incisors, uncovering and erupting the impacted canine, and canine substitution for the maxillary lateral incisors. This combination of problems along with the treatment plan created a unique situation. Long-term periodontal and occlusal studies on congenitally missing lateral incisors have shown that space closure with premolar substitution for canines can lead to an acceptable functional relationship. There were no signs or symptoms of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. There was also no evidence to support the contention that establishing a Class I canine relationship should be the preferred mode of treatment.