A LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE INCLUSION OF STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES IN THE 1990S AND 2000S IN MANAUS

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the social inclusion of disabled students in basic education in Manaus. Faced with historical and deterministic facts, disabled individuals were deprived of inclusion and lived on the margins of society, considered cursed and victims of cruel acts throughout history. These events contributed to social exclusion in contemporary times. According to these facts, education with social inclusion of people with disabilities would result in a fairer and more egalitarian society. However, this inclusion is still a challenge for the present day. This social research, theoretically grounded by the studies of various authors such as BARBIER (1998), CORDEIRO (2016), DINIZ (2007), FRANCO (2012), MARQUES (2010), MINAYO (2010), ORRÚ (2014), and SANTOS (2011), used the qualitative dialectical method. Procedures consisted of bibliographic and documentary research for data collection. The significant increase in the number of students with disabilities in schools and the challenge of social inclusion, as envisioned since the 1988 constitution and more recently by Law 13.146/2015, is noteworthy. The research analyzed the process of social inclusion from the 1990s to the present day, considering the implementation of laws and the school reality. When analyzing the school social reality, it is observed that Manaus has the highest number of disabled students outside school, as indicated by the 2nd cycle of Monitoring the goals of the National Education Plan (PNE) in 2018. School exclusion is a present and determining factor in the lives of these students in the Amazonian capital, potentially leading to both school and social exclusion in many cases. Despite national laws mandating the inclusion of these students, there are gaps in public schools in Manaus, such as the lack of suitable infrastructure and qualified teachers, along with a segregative view contributing to social exclusion. Therefore, it becomes necessary to promote new discussions on the subject and debates about the social inclusion of these students in Manaus.