Abstract
This paper investigates the style of vocative forms in English language by using a novel" Emma" by Jane Austin as data. First this paper will indicate the definitions and the main lexical forms of the term vocative .Then this paper will discuss the linguistic levels of this phenomena which are the semantic , sociolinguistic , and pragmatic levels .This paper also clarifies the functions of vocative and the implications of vocatives in relation to politeness strategies in society .In addition to that this paper will indicate the main models of vocative phenomena in English language .Finally the researcher applies the statistical analysis of the vocative structures which are uttered by the characters of the novel .
Highlights
This part will focus on the phenomenon of vocative structures in English language and their linguistic features on different levels which are published by different linguists
Espinal (2013: 2) defines the term vocative as a nominal expression that is used to name the hearer/addressee, show the identity of the hearer/addressee, and indicate the properties that call the attention of the hearer/addressee
Crystal (2008: 514) illustrates that the vocative in English is not expressed by means of inflections, instead it is expressed through using nouns or noun phrases as in 'Jane, are you ready? The term vocative is a linguistic unit that occurs with different types of speech acts such as requests, calls, commands, and greetings
Summary
Espinal (2013: 2) defines the term vocative as a nominal expression that is used to name the hearer/addressee, show the identity of the hearer/addressee, and indicate the properties that call the attention of the hearer/addressee. Vocatives functions as sentence adverbials in the sense that they can occur at the beginning, middle, and end as in: come in, Mr. Wibley, and make yourself at home. Previous studies conducted on vocatives have shown that their pragmatic functions are used to attract someone's attention, identify the addressee, and reinforce social relationships. Vocatives express the feelings, attitudes, status, politeness, and intimacy between speakers and indicate to which geographical dialect, group, social class, and culture those speakers belong to (Comes and Bazin, 2015: 69)
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