A lectin from Crenomytilus grayanus as a probe for the detection of widespread cancerous and metastatic cells.

Abstract

A novel Gal-binding lectin from mussels (Crenomytilus grayanus, CGL) with six binding sites in its the dimeric structure has been previously shown to have antifungal, anticancer and antibacterial activities. In this study, a glycan array was used to confirm that CGL recognizes a range of non-reducing end α- or β-linked Gal glycans on normal cells but not sialic acid-capped glycans. This finding suggests that CGL has potential in the tumor detection due to the hyper-sialylation present in cell surface glycans from cancer cells. To evaluate the feasibility of this possibility, we labeled CGL with biotin and then mixed it with streptavidin-HRP to create a CGL-biotin-SP complex as a probe for use in enzyme-linked lectin assays (ELLA). CGL-biotin-SP successfully distinguished not only HeLa cells and de-sialylated HeLa cells that mimic normal cell surface glycans but also lung and breast cancer cells with different metastatic abilities. This work provides the insights into a new Gal-binding lectin by establishing its specificity and also demonstrates practical applications in cancer diagnosis greater than other reported lectins.