Abstract
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have the characteristics of large-scale deployment, flexible networking, and many applications. They are important parts of wireless communication networks. However, due to limited energy supply, the development of WSNs is greatly restricted. Wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs) transform the distributed energy around the environment into usable electricity through energy collection technology. In this work, a two-phase scheme is proposed to improve the energy management efficiency for WRSNs. In the first phase, we designed an annulus virtual force based particle swarm optimization (AVFPSO) algorithm for area coverage. It adopts the multi-parameter joint optimization method to improve the efficiency of the algorithm. In the second phase, a queuing game-based energy supply (QGES) algorithm was designed. It converts energy supply and consumption into network service. By solving the game equilibrium of the model, the optimal energy distribution strategy can be obtained. The simulation results show that our scheme improves the efficiency of coverage and energy supply, and then extends the lifetime of WSN.
Highlights
Processes 2020, 8, 1324; doi:10.3390/pr8101324 www.mdpi.com/journal/processesProcesses 2020, 8, 1324 equipment, and too-low temperatures will lead to the acceleration of battery discharge speed
The arrival rate of energy packets selected to enter different sensor nodes is obtained by solving the minimization cost function, and the queuing game-based energy supply (QGES) algorithm of Wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs) based on the queuing game is designed
A two-phase energy management (TPEM) scheme based on virtual force and the queuing game is proposed to extend the life cycles of WRSNs effectively
Summary
Processes 2020, 8, 1324 equipment, and too-low temperatures will lead to the acceleration of battery discharge speed. Considering the interaction between multiple isomorphic antennas on a node, an annulus virtual force based particle swarm optimization (AVFPSO) algorithm is proposed to improve the performance of coverage. A queuing game-based energy supply (QGES) algorithm is designed It divides the energy provided by the nodes into energy packets with the same size, and establishes the system model of sending energy packets to multiple nodes in the covered area. In the solution of the energy supply system model, the influence of the random distribution of node energy consumption on the social welfare can be obtained It has theoretical significance for the design of energy saving schemes, such as sensor node sleep strategy. The optimal strategy of node charging is obtained by solving the energy supply system model, and a QGES algorithm for WRSNs is designed.
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