Abstract
Objective: Mosquitoes are insect vectors responsible for the transmission of parasitic and viral infections to millions of people worldwide, with substantial morbidity and mortality. Insecticides of botanical origin may serve as suitable alternative bio-control techniques in the future.
 Methods: The egg hatchability, growth regulatory, longevity, fecundity, and larvicidal activity of crude methanol leaf extract of Hygrophila auriculata were assayed for their toxicity tested against malarial vector mosquito, Anopheles stephensi.
 Results: The eggs, larvae, larvae/pupae, and cumulative mortality were observed hatching rates for 100 ppm, 0–18 h (18 h exposed) at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively, and mortality was 33.4, 44.6, 17.9, and 95.9% methanolic extract treatment, with the lethal concentration 50 (LC50)/LC90 values were 35.420 28/75.600 ppm. Effect of methanolic extract was larval, pupal, and adult duration and water extracts of caused longest delayed development from 16.6 days larvae, 7.5 days for pupae and longevity of adult female greatly reduced from 25.9 days and fecundity also reduced from 68.0 at 150 ppm. The larvicidal activity of methanol extract was decreased at 48 h as for instars larvae 63.44/271.95 ppm (I), 57.55/272.48 ppm (II); 62.49/301.22 ppm (III); 67.69/330.48 ppm (IV), and 76.99/343.82 ppm (pupae), respectively.
 Conclusion: These results suggest that the methanol leaf extract has the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of mosquito vector. Therefore, this study provides on the mosquito eggs, larvae, and pupae activities of these plant methanol extract against A. stephensi.
Highlights
World Health Organization (WHO) is designing attention to a group of diseases that are spread by insects, the heavy health and economic burdens they impose, and what needs to be done to reduce these burdens
Malaria is one in all the grave scourges inflicted on human beings and causes human mortality alongside giant economic loss [6,7,8]
The results, egg hatchability, growth regulatory, longevity, fecundity, and larvicidal activity of H. auriculata methanol leaf extract were tested against A. stephensi
Summary
World Health Organization (WHO) is designing attention to a group of diseases that are spread by insects, the heavy health and economic burdens they impose, and what needs to be done to reduce these burdens. Vector-borne diseases (VBD) cause more than one million deaths each year. WHO [1] estimated globally, the VBDs around 17% (700 million peoples) account for the global burden of infectious diseases annually, which are mainly highlighted in tropical and sub-tropical countries. Anopheles stephensi is the principal vector of malaria and one of the most predominant diseases in the tropical world which disturbs 350–500 million peoples and kills more than 1 million infants and young children annually [4,5]. Malaria (major vector of A. stephensi) is one in all the grave scourges inflicted on human beings and causes human mortality alongside giant economic loss [6,7,8]
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