Abstract
The following hypothesis concerning the neural events responsible for the changes of consciousness is formulated: the regulation of the level of consciousness under physiological conditions is achieved by the interplay of two opposite competing mechanisms: a facilitating or arousing mechanism and an inhibitory or sleep inducing one; the most important neural structures involved belong to the brain stem. The experimental findings on which the hypothesis is based are reported and discussed; particular emphasis is placed on studies showing that the decrease of the level of consciousness (or sleep) may occur via an active mechanism. The possible clinical implications of the hypothesis are mentioned.
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