Abstract
As mobile devices, such as smart phones, become more and more popular, localization based on mobile devices has gained much attention in both the academia and industry. Although global positioning system (GPS) has been widely deployed in many fields, it has several disadvantages such as consuming too much power and requiring the line of sight to satellites. Cellular network-based localization is much more robust. However, this type of localization scheme cannot achieve enough accuracy for some localization-based services. With the existence of densely deployed WiFi access points, WiFi-based localization seems very promising in terms of positioning precision and power consumption. However, different than GPS and cellular network based localization, most of the existing WiFi-based localization schemes are supposed to be used in indoor environments. Note that indoor WiFi-based localization schemes cannot be simply ported to urban outdoor environments due to several factors such as weaker signal and more serious interference. In this paper, we present a hybrid outdoor localization scheme utilizing crowdsourced WiFi signal data and built-in sensors in smart phones, which can achieve high-positioning accuracy and low power consumption. Our experimental results show that the proposed hybrid localization scheme outperforms the widely-adopted GPS-based method in terms of both positioning accuracy and power consumption. In addition, the idea of crowdsourcing fingerprints is effective.
Highlights
Over the past decades, localization service has been applied to a variety of different applications
We focus on the outdoor localization schemes that can be adopted by smart phones
We present a hybrid outdoor localization scheme for smart phones which is based on our previous work [10]
Summary
Localization service has been applied to a variety of different applications. Du et al EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking (2018) 2018:4 estimated distance information based on signal strength Instead, it first collects the WiFi fingerprints of varied locations and thereafter use the collected fingerprints to find the position of mobile devices. We present a hybrid outdoor localization scheme for smart phones which is based on our previous work [10] It exploits WiFi fingerprinting, sensor information, and GPS statistics. 2 Related work As mentioned previously, to tackle the problems with GPS, many researchers have proposed a variety of different schemes for outdoor localization based on mobile devices. We present three important observations based on our preliminary experiments about WiFi fingerprinting and GPS localization These observations clearly indicate the key problems with these two schemes, which lead to either low positioning accuracy or high power consumption. Previous studies such as clustering method [25] have been proposed to reduce computational costs, updating fingerprints through crowdsourcing methods can still lead to additional computational overhead
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