Abstract
Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) based passive radar has been applied in the detection of moving targets. However, the low signal power of GNSS on the earth's surface limits the application of this technology for the long-range or low-observable target detection. Increasing the observation time can effectively improve the detection capability. But the target motion involves the range cell migration (RCM) and the Doppler frequency migration (DFM) over the long observation time, which results in the integration gain loss and lower the detection performance. This article proposes a new hybrid coherent and noncoherent integration method named the keystone transform and Lv's distribution. The proposed method not only compensate the RCM and the DFM but also provide coherent and noncoherent integration gains to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. The simulated results and the field trial results demonstrate that the detection performance of the proposed method is superior to the other two known moving target detection methods. And the analysis of the computational complexity shows that the proposed method and the other two methods are in the same order of O(N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> logN).
Highlights
W ITH the development of wireless technology, many radio sources are employed as the noncooperative transmitters for passive radar applications
Motivated by the previous work, this article adopts the strategy of hybrid integration and proposes a new target detection method known as the Keystone transform and Lv’s distribution (KT+LVD)
Note that the hybrid integration results for all range cells provided by the keystone transform (KT)+fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) and the proposed method are transformed from the centroid frequency and chirp rate (CFCR) domain to the range and Doppler domain for fair detection performance comparison
Summary
W ITH the development of wireless technology, many radio sources are employed as the noncooperative transmitters for passive radar applications. Recent proof-of-concept experiments of GNSS-based passive radar for the maritime moving target detection (MTD) were conducted [14], [15], which demonstrated the feasibility of the concept. To increase the coherent processing interval (CPI) in the case of the target motion, some coherent integration methods have been proposed, such as the Radon Fourier transform [18] and the Radon fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) [19] They consider an active radar system where the CPI in an order of few seconds is sufficient for the low-observable target detection. Motivated by the previous work, this article adopts the strategy of hybrid integration and proposes a new target detection method known as the Keystone transform and Lv’s distribution (KT+LVD).
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