Abstract
Seventeen sustainable development goals (SDG) by the United Nations in its 2030 Agenda have been nationalized and implemented in Vietnam. One of the country’s priorities is making educational provision accessible to all of its residents, especially for marginalized groups, while enforcing their human rights. In this context, this article examines the implementation of SDG4 (quality education) in combination with the practice of human rights for ethnic minorities in Vietnam. With access to jurisprudence, this research provides a detailed assessment of the compatibility between SDG targets and the legal rights to education of ethnic minorities. Additionally, this research employs an exploratory method to investigate the four major conditions for the implementation of quality education for ethnic minorities, namely legal–political, economic, socio-cultural factors, and participation pride. We also investigate three main barriers that hinder SDG4 implementation and human rights practices, namely child labor, language, and gender inequality. The contribution of this study is necessary for establishing more informed strategies and policies towards sustainable development in education for multi-ethnic countries.
Highlights
Vietnam is a multi-ethnic nation with 54 ethnic groups, of which the Kinh is considered the majority [1]
The study finds that all the targets of Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG4) in combination can meet the requirements of human rights to education for ethnic minorities
The implementation of the two most-related ones, Targets 4.5 and 4.7, can guarantee all four As, namely availability, accessibility, acceptability, and adaptability. This finding confirms the righteousness of the Vietnamese government in localizing SDG4 to better manage the education progress, for ethnic minority communities [7,10,37,38,39]
Summary
Vietnam is a multi-ethnic nation with 54 ethnic groups, of which the Kinh is considered the majority [1]. Vietnam has taken the 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) established by the United Nations for global sustainable development in the 2030 Agenda as a benchmark for the long-term development of the country. These global SDGs have been adapted into 115 Vietnam SDGs (VSDGs) to suit the nation’s conditions and contexts and are included in Vietnam’s National Action Plan for the implementation of the 2020 Agenda [2]. Some of the remarkable achievements so far can be seen in the reduction in inequality and the improvements made in supporting access to justice [2] These initial successes in developing education and social justice make the country confident in the continuing prioritization of SDG4 (quality education) as a firm basis for economic, social, and cultural development [2]. As a multi-ethnic country, Vietnam is determined to develop the education of all ethnic groups without discrimination in its efforts to achieve the SDGs comprehensively
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