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Abstract
This work proposes the first hot-polymer fiber Fabry–Perot interferometer (HPFFPI) anemometer for sensing airflow. The proposed HPFFPI is based on a single-mode fiber (SMF) endface that is attached to a UV-cured polymer to form an ultracompact fiber Fabry–Perot microcavity. The proposed polymer microcavity was heated using a low-cost chip resistor with a controllable dc driving power to achieve a desired polymer’s steady-state temperature (T) that exceeds the T of the surrounding environment. The polymer is highly sensitive to variations of T with high repeatability. When the hot polymer was cooled by the measured flowing air, the wavelength fringes of its optical spectra shifted. The HPFFPI anemometers have been experimentally evaluated for different cavity lengths and heating power values. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed HPFFPI responses well in terms of airflow measurement. A high sensitivity of 1.139 nm/(m/s) and a good resolution of 0.0088 m/s over the 0~2.54 m/s range of airflow were achieved with a cavity length of 10 μm and a heating power of 0.402 W.
Highlights
The development of flow measurement techniques is important in industry and scientific technology
Many measurement techniques that use anemometers and flowmeters have been developed, but the technique of hot-wire anemometry (HWA) is still the preferred approach to flow sensing because it has many advantages and, in particular, can be used to measure rapid flows [1]
This work proposed the first tiny, simple, and low-cost fiber-optic anemometer that is based on a hot-polymer fiber Fabry–Perot interferometer (HPFFPI)
Summary
The development of flow measurement techniques is important in industry and scientific technology. The measuring mechanism of HWA is based on the heat transfer from sensors to the surrounding environment; the method is simple and reliable. The most common fiber anemometer based on HWA is the well-known heated fiber Bragg grating (FBG) [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. Other sensing configurations that are based on the HWA mechanism, such as those in the intermodal interferometer [12] and the Fabry–Pérot interferometer [13], have been proposed. Actively controlled FBGs that are based on direct self-heating by an in-fiber light/laser have been demonstrated to be effective [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. Active FBG-HWAs coated with metallic (Au or Ag) thin films to greatly absorb heating light can increase the efficiency of heating [5,6,7,8,9,10]
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