Abstract
With the development of new technologies in the field of renewable energy and batteries, increasing number of houses have been equipped with renewable energy sources (RES) and energy storage systems (ESS) to reduce home energy cost. These houses usually have home energy management systems (HEMS) to control and schedule every electrical device. Various studies have been conducted on HEMS and optimization algorithms for energy cost and peak-to-average ratio (PAR) reduction. However, none of papers give a sufficient study on the utilization of main grid’s electricity and selling electricity. In this paper, firstly, we propose a new HEMS architecture with RES and ESS where we take utilization of the electricity of the main grid and electricity selling into account. With the proposed HEMS, we build general mathematical formulas for energy cost and PAR during a day. We then optimize these formulas using both the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO). Results clearly show that, with our HEMS system, RES and ESS can help to drop home energy cost significantly to 19.7%, compared with the results of previous works. By increasing charge/discharge rate of ESS, energy cost can be decreased by 4.3% for 0.6 kW and 8.5% for 0.9 kW. Moreover, by using multi-objective optimization, our system can achieve better PAR with an acceptable energy cost.
Highlights
In recent decades, the rate of global warming and climate change have been more severe, causing world extreme events such as hemispherical sea ice melting, serious flood, strong hurricane, and so on
Researches have been conducted in two different ways: finding more renewable energy resources (RES) to replace fossil fuel and utilizing energy in a most efficient way with the integration of RES and energy storage systems (ESS)
When a shiftable device is moved to low price slots, the energy demand of this device is not changed because the operation time of each shiftable device does not change and it is not interrupted during operation
Summary
The rate of global warming and climate change have been more severe, causing world extreme events such as hemispherical sea ice melting, serious flood, strong hurricane, and so on. In [3], an optimized home energy management system (OHEMS) with integrated RES and storage resource to optimize the energy cost and PAR was proposed The tariff in their system was a day-ahead pricing. 70% of RES energy is used for home load With this fixed plan, their OHEMS cannot utilize the electricity of the main grid at time which has low price. The proposed HBFPA shows efficacy for energy cost and for reduction of PAR with reasonable user waiting time They did not consider RES and ESS in their HEM. Motivated by the above literature works, we suggest a novel HEMS with integration of RES and ESS utilizing main grid and electricity selling whose objective is to minimize both energy cost and PAR. We assume that our MC can use AMI to transmit selling electricity
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