Abstract
Heavy metal pollution stems from the modern industry is a severe environmental problem. In this work, a highly efficient adsorbent based on starch-graphene oxide architecture (SGO) was fabricated, characterized and employed to scavenge aqueous Pb(II), a major water contaminant. The scavenging performance was evaluated, and the interaction mechanism between SGO and Pb(II) was elucidated. Results indicate, the starch introduction brought performance enhancement, consequently made SGO outperform either single starch or GO regarding adsorption efficiency. Specifically, SGO adsorbs 95.83% of Pb(II) in 16 min, with adsorption capacity 383.32 mg‧g−1, manifesting some advantages over other analogous adsorbents, such as higher capacity and faster kinetics. The chemical interaction between Pb(OH)+ and C = O, C–O related groups in SGO supported the adsorption, which was a spontaneous, exothermic and entropy increasing process. The adsorption was well described by the Freundlich, pseudo-second-order model and intra-particle diffusion models, adsorption rate simultaneously controlled by intra-particle diffusion and chemical interaction. Based on its high adsorption efficiency, SGO may have promising application in heavy metal scavenging from water.
Highlights
A highly efficient adsorbent based on starch-graphene oxide architecture (SGO) was fabricated, characterized and employed to scavenge aqueous Pb(Π)
The as obtained starch solution was added into the Graphene oxide (GO) colloidal, which was ultrasonicated for another 30 min to obtain a homogeneous dispersion
These suggested that, GO was reduced during SGO fabrication
Summary
PSX and PSC reached maximum adsorption capacities of 109.1 mg·g-1 and 57.6 mgg-1 for Pb(Π), respectively, as determined by Langmuir fitting. The as prepared composite exhibited maximum adsorption capacity 132.18 mgg-1 to 199.22 mgg-1 in the temperature range 30 °C to 70 °C for aqueous Pb(Π). In spite of the above research achievements, the adsorption performance of starch-graphene oxide architecture on aqueous Pb(Π) is yet to be comprehensively evaluated based on the consideration of the various adsorption parameters, and the interaction mechanism is yet to be revealed at an atomic level. A starch-graphene oxide composite was fabricated, characterized, and employed as an adsorbent to scavenge aqueous Pb(II) with high efficiency. The scavenging performance was evaluated, and the interaction mechanism was clarified
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