Abstract
This paper presents a compact 1 × 4 antipodal Vivaldi antenna (AVA) array for 5G millimeter-wave applications. The designed antenna operates over 24.19 GHz–29.15 GHz and 30.28 GHz–40.47 GHz frequency ranges. The proposed antenna provides a high gain of 8 dBi to 13.2 dBi and the highest gain is obtained at 40.3 GHz. The proposed antenna operates on frequency range-2 (FR2) and covers n257, n258, n260, and n261 frequency bands of 5G communication. The corrugations and RT/Duroid 5880 substrate are used to reduce the antenna size to 24 mm × 28.8 mm × 0.254 mm, which makes the antenna highly compact. Furthermore, the corrugations play an important role in the front-to-back ratio improvement, which further enhances the gain of the antenna. The corporate feeding is optimized meticulously to obtain an enhanced bandwidth and narrow beamwidth. The radiation pattern does not vary over the desired operating frequency range. In addition, the experimental results of the fabricated antenna coincide with the simulated results. The presented antenna design shows a substantial improvement in size, gain, and bandwidth when compared to what has been reported for an AVA with nearly the same size, which makes the proposed antenna one of the best candidates for application in devices that operate in the millimeter frequency range.
Highlights
Millimeter-wave applications are used in medical imaging, the military, satellites, and 5G communication
The Vivaldi antenna, which was invented by Gibson [6], operates at high frequencies and provides a wide bandwidth. the antipodal Vivaldi antenna (AVA) is preferred over the Vivaldi antenna because it provides a wider bandwidth, high gain, a nearly-constant radiation pattern, and it is easy for fabrication
This paper presents the design of a 1 × 4 AVA array with corporate feeding to achieve a wide bandwidth for 5G applications that operate in the millimeter-wave frequency range
Summary
Millimeter-wave applications are used in medical imaging, the military, satellites, and 5G communication. The main requirement for the deployment of 5G technology is that devices should work in the millimeter-wave frequency range [2], but working in this range can cause devices to suffer from higher path losses [4]. Such path losses at higher frequencies can be reduced by using the high-gain antenna array. The Vivaldi antenna, which was invented by Gibson [6], operates at high frequencies and provides a wide bandwidth. The AVA is preferred over the Vivaldi antenna because it provides a wider bandwidth, high gain, a nearly-constant radiation pattern, and it is easy for fabrication. A single AVA cannot meet all the requirements of a 5G antenna, such as high gain (above 8 dBi), efficiency (above 85%), a wide bandwidth
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