A High-Granularity Timing Detector for the ATLAS Phase-II upgrade

Abstract

The increase of the particle flux at the HL-LHC with instantaneous luminosities up to L=7.5 × 10 34 cm −2 s −1 will have a severe impact on the ATLAS detector reconstruction and trigger performance. The end-cap and forward region where the liquid Argon calorimeter has coarser granularity and the inner tracker has poorer momentum resolution will be particularly affected. A High Granularity Timing Detector will be installed in front of the liquid Argon end-cap calorimeters to help in charged-particle reconstruction and luminosity measurement. This low angle detector is introduced to augment the new all-silicon Inner Tracker in the pseudo-rapidity range from 2.4 to 4.0. Two silicon-sensor double-sided per end-cap will provide precision timing information for minimum-ionizing particles with a resolution as good as 30 ps per track in order to assign each particle to the correct vertex. Readout cells have a size of 1.3 mm × 1.3 mm, leading to a highly granular detector with 3.7 million channels. The Low Gain Avalanche Detectors technology has been chosen as sensor as it provides excellent timing performance. The requirements and overall specifications of the High Granularity Timing Detector are presented as well as the technical design and the project status. The on-going R&D effort carried out to study the sensors, the readout ASIC, and the other components, supported by laboratory and test beam results, are also presented.