Abstract
An end-station for resonant inelastic X-ray scattering and (resonant) X-ray emission spectroscopy at beamline ID20 of ESRF - The European Synchrotron is presented. The spectrometer hosts five crystal analysers in Rowland geometry for large solid angle collection and is mounted on a rotatable arm for scattering in both the horizontal and vertical planes. The spectrometer is optimized for high-energy-resolution applications, including partial fluorescence yield or high-energy-resolution fluorescence detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy and the study of elementary electronic excitations in solids. In addition, it can be used for non-resonant inelastic X-ray scattering measurements of valence electron excitations.
Highlights
Beamline ID20 is the state-of-the-art inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) beamline of ESRF – The European Synchrotron (Grenoble, France)
We describe a highenergy-resolution spectrometer that is mostly dedicated to resonant IXS (RIXS) and X-ray emission spectroscopy [(R)XES], but it can be employed in non-resonant IXS experiments of valence excitations requiring high energy resolution (Larson et al, 2007; Cudazzo et al, 2014)
When the intermediate-state deep core-hole is filled by a valence electron, instead, valence-electron excitations can be studied in the energy-loss range of a few eV and the process is usually named valence-to-core RXES or sometimes RIXS
Summary
Beamline ID20 is the state-of-the-art inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) beamline of ESRF – The European Synchrotron (Grenoble, France). RIXS spectrometers are employed to isolate element-specific X-ray emission lines in (R)XES, including partial fluorescence yield (PFY) or high-energy-resolution fluorescence-detected (HERFD) X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) studies (Glatzel & Bergmann, 2005; Glatzel et al, 2009; Bauer, 2014). In core-to-core RXES the intermediate state deep core-hole is filled by the radiative decay of a shallow core-electron under the emission of a photon with characteristic energy. When the intermediate-state deep core-hole is filled by a valence electron, instead, valence-electron excitations can be studied in the energy-loss range of a few eV and the process is usually named valence-to-core RXES or sometimes RIXS. The reader should be aware that, while most of the figures refer to the most challenging configuration of the spectrometer with the best energy resolution, we will not forget to discuss features that are relevant for other applications, including core-to-core (R)XES
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