A High-Efficiency CMOS Rectifier with Wide Harvesting Range and Wide Band Based on MPPT Technique for Low-Power IoT System Applications

Abstract

This paper describes a wide-harvesting-range, wide band, and high-efficiency complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) rectifier for low-power application in internet of things systems. Through maximum power point tracking, the proposed rectifier can dynamically detect the output voltage to enable switching between various circuit modes in order to achieve higher power conversion efficiency (PCE), even during sub-1-V operation. The experimental results for a $$0.18\hbox {-}\upmu \hbox {m}$$0.18-μm standard CMOS process with a 1.8-V power supply voltage demonstrate that the proposed rectifier can operate from a low voltage (0.7 V) to a high voltage (1.8 V) while maintaining high PCE. The proposed rectifier achieves a PCE improvement of 16% from the rectifier with a bootstrapping circuit under a peak alternating current (AC) input voltage of 0.85 V, and of 47.5% from the fully cross-coupled rectifier under a 1.8-V peak AC input voltage. Moreover, because its structure is insensitivity to the frequency response, the proposed rectifier provides a wide operating frequency range of 10---960 MHz.