Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is an ancient mutualistic symbiosis formed by 80–90 % of land plant species with the obligatorily biotrophic fungi that belong to the phylum Glomeromycota. This symbiosis is mutually beneficial, as AM fungi feed on plant photosynthesis products, in turn improving the efficiency of nutrient uptake from the environment. The garden pea (Pisum sativum L.), a widely cultivated crop and an important model for genetics, is capable of forming triple symbiotic systems consisting of the plant, AM fungi and nodule bacteria. As transcriptomic and proteomic approaches are being implemented for studying the mutualistic symbioses of pea, a need for a reference transcriptome of genes expressed under these specific conditions for increasing the resolution and the accuracy of other methods arose. Numerous transcriptome assemblies constructed for pea did not include mycorrhizal roots, hence the aim of the study to construct a reference transcriptome assembly of pea mycorrhizal roots. The combined transcriptome of mycorrhizal roots of Pisum sativum cv. Frisson inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis BEG144 was investigated, and for both the organisms independent transcriptomes were assembled (coverage 177x for pea and 45x for fungus). Genes specific to mycorrhizal roots were found in the assembly, their expression patterns were examined with qPCR on two pea cultivars, Frisson and Finale. The gene expression depended on the inoculation stage and on the pea cultivar. The investigated genes may serve as markers for early stages of inoculation in genetically diverse pea cultivars.
Highlights
Plants are able to establish mutualistic association with the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi that improve the efficiency of nutrient uptake from the environment
Transcriptomic and proteomic approaches had been implemented for studying the mutualistic symbioses of pea, which implied the need for a reference genomic or transcriptomic sequences required for proper annotation of transcripts/proteins under analysis
In order to obtain a reference transcriptome of the mycorrhizal roots of P. sativum, the RNA from this tissue was sequenced on an Illumina 2500 sequencing platform
Summary
Plants are able to establish mutualistic association with the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi that improve the efficiency of nutrient uptake from the environment. About 80–90 % of all land plant species may form mutually beneficial symbiosis with the obligatorily biotrophic AM fungi that belong to the phylum Glomeromycota (Kaschuk, 2009; Alizadeh, 2011; Tisserant et al, 2012; Gutjahr, Parniske, 2013; Manck-Götzenberger, Requena, 2016). To other legume plants belonging to the Fabaceae family, it is capable of forming triple symbiotic systems consisting of plant, AM fungi and nodule bacteria (Tikhonovich et al, 2015). Transcriptomic and proteomic approaches had been implemented for studying the mutualistic symbioses of pea, which implied the need for a reference genomic or transcriptomic sequences required for proper annotation of transcripts/proteins under analysis. The only available genomic sequence (Kreplak et al, 2019) is far from ideal and lacks sequences of many important genes (for example, short peptides of NCR and defensin families)
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