A hierarchical porous structure and nitrogen-doping jointly enhance the lithium-ion storage capacity of biomass-derived carbon materials

Abstract

Biomass-derived carbon materials are considered potential lithium-ion anode materials because they are sustainable, renewable, economical, and environmentally friendly and have tunable microstructures. However, biomass-derived carbon materials have low specific capacity and show capacity degradation during long-term electrochemical cycling, which prevents their application in high-performance lithium-ion batteries. Hence, in this paper, nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon (NHPC) is synthesized from a biomass waste material, corncob, through one-step activation and carbonization procedures. N-doping in the NHPC modifies the electron distribution on the surface of carbon, resulting in the generation of additional lithium-ion storage sites and enhancing electrode wettability to increase the conductivity. Additionally, the doping procedure results in a hierarchical porous structure with an increased specific surface area and pore volume, which facilitates ion transport and provides remarkable cycling stability. The electrochemical performance of NHPC is improved by the jointly beneficial combination of N-doping and the hierarchical porous structure. The optimized NHPC electrode provides a reversible specific capacity of 700 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 100 mA g−1. This study provides a simple and efficient method for improving the electrochemical properties of biomass-derived carbon materials through elemental doping and modulation of microscopic morphology and structure.