A Hierarchical Governor/Turbine and Electric Vehicles Optimal Control Framework for Primary Frequency Support in Power Systems

Abstract

This paper aims to develop a hierarchical framework for control of governor/turbine (G/T) and electric vehicles (EVs) as primary reserves to provide primary frequency support. The framework involves two decision layers. The top layer based on EV utilization cost dispatches the primary reserve references that balances load and generation following a generation drop. Subsequently, control commands of this layer transmit to G/T and the lower layer. The lower layer dispatches the aggregated EV power change that commanded from the top layer among large number of EVs. Therefore, in this layer, each individual EV will solve an optimal EV dispatch control in a decentralized manner while meeting its own constraints. To draw further insights into the performance of our proposed scheme, we investigate the impact of the proposed control framework on a simplified Great Britain power system model. The listed simulation results show that the proposed scheme restores the power system frequency within a short period of time upon a sudden supply demand imbalance along with minimizing the aggregated and individual EV utilization and G/T generation change for participating in primary frequency support.