Abstract
Introduction Inflammation is associated with obesity condition and plays a pivotal role in the onset and progression of many chronic diseases. Among several nutraceutical foods, hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.) are considered an excellent anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic food being the second richest source of monounsaturated fatty acids among nuts and because they are rich in vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds. Materials and Methods A prospective pilot clinical trial on 24 healthy volunteers who consumed daily, as a snack, 40 g of hazelnuts (261.99 kcal/1096.17 kJ) for six weeks was conducted. Anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis, and nutrigenomic analysis on 12 anti-inflammatory and antioxidant genes were evaluated at baseline (T0) and after hazelnut intervention (T1). Results No significant changes were detected on body composition analysis after hazelnut consumption. Conversely, significant upregulation was detected for SOD1 (2−ΔΔCt = 2.42), CAT (2−ΔΔCt = 2.41), MIF (2−ΔΔCt = 4.12), PPARγ (2−ΔΔCt = 5.89), VDR (2−ΔΔCt = 3.61), MTHFR (2−ΔΔCt = 2.40), and ACE (2−ΔΔCt = 2.16) at the end of the study. Conclusions According to emerging evidences, hazelnut consumption does not lead to weight gain probably due to the improvement of the body's antioxidant capacity by the upregulation of genes implied in oxidant reactions and inflammation.
Highlights
Inflammation is associated with obesity condition and plays a pivotal role in the onset and progression of many chronic diseases
Hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.) are considered an excellent anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic food being the second richest source of monounsaturated fatty acids among nuts and because they are rich in vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity metabolic dysfunction of adipocytes is the main cause of chronic inflammation in White adipose tissue (WAT), through the increasing expression of many biologically functional cytokines/ chemokines considering the major mediators of inflammation in particular in obesity condition, like tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin1β (IL-1β), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and interleukin-17D (IL17D) [3]
Summary
Inflammation is associated with obesity condition and plays a pivotal role in the onset and progression of many chronic diseases. The. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity metabolic dysfunction of adipocytes is the main cause of chronic inflammation in WAT, through the increasing expression of many biologically functional cytokines/ chemokines considering the major mediators of inflammation in particular in obesity condition, like tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin1β (IL-1β), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and interleukin-17D (IL17D) [3]. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity metabolic dysfunction of adipocytes is the main cause of chronic inflammation in WAT, through the increasing expression of many biologically functional cytokines/ chemokines considering the major mediators of inflammation in particular in obesity condition, like tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin1β (IL-1β), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and interleukin-17D (IL17D) [3] The release of those inflammation cytokines determined the subsequent activation of tissue-resident macrophages [4]. The excess of lipids and the consequent surplus of WAT can cause an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the reduction of the antioxidant defenses, events that determine the induction of systemic oxidative stress [5]
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