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Abstract
An up-to-date overview of the recent history is given, aiming to present a helpful working guide to the literature and at the same time introduce key systems and observational results, starting from the Sun and going towards the Galactic Center and parts of the Zona Galactica Incognita, and beyond. We start by presenting an observational view of the Milky Way's disk plane (cartographic. dynamical, chemical cross-cut, magnetic). This included the four long spiral arms in the disk of the Milky Way (fig.1), their geometry (fig.2), component, velocity (fig.3), their widths and internal layers as well as onion-like ordered offsets (fig.4), the central galactic bars, arm tangents, arm pitch and arm shape, arm origins near the Galactic Center (fig.5), and other possible players in the spiral arms, such as the magnetic field (fig.6) and the dark matter content. After, we present a basic analysis of some theoretical predictions from galactic arm formation: numerical simulations or analytical theories, and observations are checked against predictions from various numerical simulations and analytical (theoretical) models.
Highlights
After, we present a basic analysis of some theoretical predictions from galactic arm formation: numerical simulations or analytical theories, and observations are checked against predictions from various numerical simulations and analytical models
Some basic explanations for the spiral arms follow (Section 6), employing the predictions of numerical simulations and analytical theories, bringing in the angular rotations of galactic features, and comparing with observational data, leading to a discussion of techniques to deal with a few observational issues
We look around for other, secondary features, that could perhaps be found later to have a bearing at some level on the spiral arms (Section 7), including a weak magnetic field in the galactic disk, or else a small quantity of dark matter in the spiral arms or interam, leading to a discussion of techniques to deal adequately with a few observational issues
Summary
Our galaxy has perhaps a trillion stars, orbiting around their common center in an ordered way. Some basic explanations for the spiral arms follow (Section 6), employing the predictions of numerical simulations and analytical theories, bringing in the angular rotations of galactic features (including the central bars), and comparing with observational data, leading to a discussion of techniques to deal with a few observational issues (say, the number of coexisting different density waves, if any). Modern observations shows that the Sun is separated from the Galactic Center by about 8.0 kpc, give or take 0.2 kpc (Genzel et al 2000; Table 3 in Bland-Hawthorn and Gerhard 2016) This allows modern theories to properly present the Sun near but outside a spiral arm in the galaxy.
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