Abstract
A geometrical transformations resistant digital image watermarking based on quantization is described. Taking advantage of the rotation, scale and translation invariants of discrete Fourier transform (DFT), each watermark bit is embedded into each homocentric circles around the zero frequency term in DFT domain by quantizing the magnitude vector of Fourier spectrum. The embedded sequence can be extracted by “majority principles” without restoring to the original unmarked image. The experimental results show that the watermark is invisible and robust to any combination of geometrical transformations or common image processing techniques.
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