Abstract
The volcanism of Kira Mountain, at south of the Bitlis Zagros suture zone (BZK), was erupted from different joint systems by young extensional tectonic regime. The main geological and petrographic features of the Late Miocene Kira Mountain volcanics were investigated as well as the major oxide, trace element and rare earth element geochemical characteristics. The Kira Mountain volcanic products are classified as basanite, tephrite and trachy-basalt and show alkaline character above the alkaline-subalkaline separation line. Nonetheless, the peripherals associated with these volcanics starts with the Miocene aged Selmo Formation. This formation is accompanied by Oligocene Germik Formation and Eocene Gercus Formations. The Karacadag volcanics are adjacent to the Lower, Middle and Late-Cambrian Sadan, Koruk and Sosink Formations, respectively, predominantly the Precambrian Derik Formation. In addition to these formations, Late Cretaceous Karababa and Karbogaz Formations, Late Cretaceous-Paleocene Germav Formation, Eocene Midyat Formation and Eocene Selmo Formations are also contiguous. The phenocrysts of the Karacadag volcanics include olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase and opaque minerals. In the Kira Mountain volcanics, olivine, plagioclase and opaque minerals are accompanied by sanidine and pyroxene. As reported by the geochemical and petrographical studies, The Karacadag volcanics are mainly classified as basalt and trachy-basalt, tephrite, basanite and hawaiite. Moreover these lavas are mainly alkaline and present subalkaline transition. The Karacadag volcanics erupted in three different stages with different phases, and the Kira mountain volcanics were found to be identical with the Siverek stage.
Highlights
A GEOLOGICAL AND PETROLOGICAL OVERVIEW OF THE HISTORY OF KIRA MOUNTAINThe volcanism of Kıra Mountain, at south of the Bitlis Zagros suture zone (BZK), was erupted from different joint systems by young extensional tectonic regime
After the closing of the Tethys Ocean in the Middle Miocene, the deformation and compression effect in Anatolia, which started with the Arabian plate dipping under the Eurasian plate, continues effectively today
The major oxides, trace elements and REE of the Kıra Mountain volcanics and the Karacadag volcanic complex (Table 1 and Table 2) were evaluated in the TAS diagram proposed by Le Bas et al (1986) [9]. (Data related to the Karacadag volcanites are described in [3, 10, 11, 12] )
Summary
The volcanism of Kıra Mountain, at south of the Bitlis Zagros suture zone (BZK), was erupted from different joint systems by young extensional tectonic regime. The Karacadag volcanics are adjacent to the Lower, Middle and Late-Cambrian Sadan, Koruk and Sosink Formations, respectively, predominantly the Precambrian Derik Formation. In addition to these formations, Late Cretaceous Karababa and Karbogaz Formations, Late Cretaceous-Paleocene Germav Formation, Eocene Midyat Formation and Eocene Şelmo Formations are contiguous. As reported by the geochemical and petrographical studies, The Karacadag volcanics are mainly classified as basalt and trachy-basalt, tephrite, basanite and hawaiite. These lavas are mainly alkaline and present subalkaline transition.
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